Is Greenhouse Gas Inventory?

Pursuant to Law on Environmental Protection No. 72/2020/QH14 and Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP on the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the protection of the ozone layer, one of the key measures to ensure effective greenhouse gas emission reduction is the implementation of greenhouse gas inventory.

A Greenhouse Gas Inventory (GHG Inventory) is the process of collecting, processing, and reporting data related to greenhouse gas emissions from various sources over a specific period, within a project, business operation, or at the national level.

The purpose of greenhouse gas inventory is to assess and monitor emission levels, enabling organizations, enterprises, and countries to identify major emission sources, track changes over time, and develop appropriate mitigation measures.

Which Entities Are Required to Implement Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation?

According to Article 5 of Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP, entities required to implement greenhouse gas emission mitigation include:

• Facilities listed in the sectors and categories of greenhouse gas-emitting establishments required to conduct greenhouse gas inventory, as promulgated by the Prime Minister.
• Ministries responsible for the management of sectors including energy, agriculture, land use and forestry, waste management, and industrial processes, namely:
  the Ministry of Industry and Trade; the Ministry of Transport; the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment; and the Ministry of Construction.
• Organizations and individuals not included in the mandatory list are encouraged to implement greenhouse gas emission mitigation measures in accordance with their operational conditions and activities.

Which Facilities Are Required to Conduct Greenhouse Gas Inventory?

According to Article 6 of Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP, facilities required to conduct greenhouse gas inventory are those with annual greenhouse gas emissions of 3,000 tons of CO₂ equivalent or more, or those falling into one of the following categories:

• Thermal power plants and industrial manufacturing facilities with total annual energy consumption of 1,000 tons of oil equivalent (TOE) or more.
• Freight transportation enterprises with total annual fuel consumption of 1,000 TOE or more.
• Commercial buildings with total annual energy consumption of 1,000 TOE or more.
• Solid waste treatment facilities with an annual operational capacity of 65,000 tons or more.

List of Sectors Required to Conduct Greenhouse Gas Inventory in 2024

Pursuant to Article 1 of Decision No. 01/2022/QD-TTg, issued by the Prime Minister on January 18, 2022, the sectors and facilities required to conduct greenhouse gas inventory include:

• The list of sectors required to conduct greenhouse gas inventory, as stipulated in Appendix I of the Decision.
• The list of greenhouse gas-emitting facilities in the industry and trade sector, as stipulated in Appendix II.
• The list of greenhouse gas-emitting facilities in the transportation sector, as stipulated in Appendix III.
• The list of greenhouse gas-emitting facilities in the construction sector, as stipulated in Appendix IV.
• The list of greenhouse gas-emitting facilities in the natural resources and environment sector, as stipulated in Appendix V.

Accordingly, a total of 1,912 facilities are required to conduct greenhouse gas inventory, of which 1,662 facilities fall under the management of the Ministry of Industry and Trade. These facilities are major greenhouse gas emitters across multiple sectors and are subject to strict emission management. They play a crucial role in implementing greenhouse gas emission reduction activities during the period up to 2030 and in achieving Vietnam’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets by 2030.

Reporting and Implementation Requirements

Under Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP, facilities listed in the greenhouse gas inventory categories promulgated by the Prime Minister are required to provide activity data and relevant information for greenhouse gas inventory of the year preceding the reporting period, in accordance with the guidance of the sectoral managing ministries, no later than March 31 each year starting from 2023.

This includes data on energy consumption levels, types and quantities of greenhouse gases emitted, and other relevant information to ensure accurate and comprehensive inventory results. The objective is to establish a national greenhouse gas database to support effective management, monitoring, and planning of emission reduction measures in the coming period.

Starting from 2025, enterprises will be required to conduct greenhouse gas inventory once every two years and submit reports to the provincial People’s Committees no later than March 31. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment will take the lead, in coordination with sectoral ministries and provincial People’s Committees, in reviewing the list of facilities required to conduct greenhouse gas inventory within their management scope before December 31 each year, starting from 2023. This list will be submitted to the Prime Minister for approval and updated biennially.

Facilities included in the list are responsible for proactively reviewing and providing information on total energy consumption and operational capacity to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment for consolidation and reporting to the Prime Minister for consideration and decision on adjustments and updates.

Conclusion

The identification and inventory of greenhouse gas emission sources in Vietnam constitute a critical component of the national strategy on climate change mitigation. Greenhouse gas inventory is not only a legal requirement but also a corporate responsibility in environmental protection.

Institute of Science and Innovation (IOSIN) is committed to accompanying enterprises on their journey toward sustainable development, productivity optimization, and quality enhancement.

INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND INNOVATION (IOSIN)
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